DELAWARE HIGHWAYS 1934 SPRING CLEANING

DELAWARE HIGHWAYS HISTORY

MAY 1934

The Wilmington News Journal, Wednesday , May 23, 1934,

reports the Rehoboth News reports that the Delaware Highways are

into the spring cleaning mode, putting the roads in order for the

summer.

Signs are being repainted and relettered, the post of the road

guard rail are painted with clean white paint, and all solid safety

walls are receiving the yearly whitewashing.

Up state, the road to Rehoboth Beach , has been widened as far as

Milford and the duPont Highway, a dual road, is rapidly being laid

down the center of the state so summer motorist will find more safe

and better riding than last year.

The highway rose bushes are being doused with insect and fungus

spray and some replacement trees are being set out.

Delaware Highways will be spic and span for summer travel.

An abstract 09/30/18 by Harrison H., from Wilmington News Journal,

Wednesday, May 23, 1934 for www.delmarhistory.blogspot.com

KING'S ROAD OF DELAWARE HIGHWAY HISTORY.

DELAWARE HIGHWAYS

HISTORY

KING'S ROAD

King's Road, first official Delaware Highway, started at the

Chester county Pennsylvania line, off of “Old Chester \Road” crossed

Creek on its way to Brandywine and over Christiana Creek

Ferry to the village of Newark. From Newark it headed south toward

Smyra , (aka Salisbury ) , through the towns of of Red Lion and St.

Georges, thence, on to Dover.

Just a mile south of Dover it became two roads which came together again at “Three Runs” near Milford. As a single highway, it then continued to the Lewes Court house. From Lewes the road ran through “Frames Mill” to join up with a Maryland road at the state line.

King's Road was considerably changed and straightened in 1796,

especially around Duck Creek, (Smyrna), Frederica and Milford.

highway below Dover was laid out in 1796 following the old early

history road to Lewestown.

The King's Road was the road that the old stage coach made its

trip from The Indian King Hotel in Wilmington to Lewes Court House.

A trip in those days was one of drama and romance.

An abstract 09/30/18 by Harrisoon H . from 23 September 1930

Wilmington News Journal, Historic Spots in Delaware by

Sewell P. Moore

for www.delmarhistory.blogspot.com

DELAWARE HIGHWAYS KENTON TO ANDERSONVILLE

DELAWARE HIGHWAYS

1925

KENTON TO ANDERSONVILLE ROAD

The Wilmington News Journal announced that Delaware Highway Department will

construct a new roadway from Kenton, Delaware to Anderson's Corner at the

Maryland-Delaware state line , which is six miles east of Sudlersville.. Residents of

Queen Anne's county should take notice that this road is evidently the beginning of

a new interstate, hard surfaced boulevard that will take off twenty miles or so of the trip

from Centerville to Wilmington. Delaware Highway Department already has improved

hard surfaced roads from Kenton to both Dover and Smyrna. The Andersonville – Kenton

road will do away with a trip to Dover going through Chestertown, Galena and Cecilton.

Abstract: 09/29/18 by Harrison H, from the Wilmington News Journal , Monday,

April 27, 1925 for www.delmarhistory.blogspot.com

DELAWARE HIGHWAYS

DELAWARE HGHWAYS

DAUGHERTY STUDIES

1931

Daugherty, University of Delaware economist, gives a history of road

building the past 200 years, long before modern our highway system was

ever thought of. The first attempt was an order of the New Castle county

court that each family furnish one member to work with the construction.

The next step, a hundred years later, was the act to build toll roads or

turnpikes. The federal government aided the building of 'permanent

turnpikes' with it's “Good Roads Movement” and by 1917, creation

of the Delaware State Highway Department.

The duPont Boulevard was a gift to the state by a senator, Coleman

duPont, a $3.917,000 turnpike, next Pierre S duPont spent $765,000

to finish the turnpike from Wilmington to the Pennsylvania state line.

It was 1923 before a state tax was provided on gasoline to raise

funds to carry on the highway program. Thee past 13 years the highway

department has expended $ 3,509,000 of the revenue, some

$12,000,000 from bonds and gifts, a total near $20,000,000.

Daugherty told an increase in traffic brought forth the demand for

a cheaper method to handle increased transportation needs. This method

was met by construction of canals along about 1820, later by railroads,

in 1840.

When the railroads came , interest in the “Good Roads Program” ,

including the building of rural roads, fell off.

The automobile came before an adequate highway system, local

country roads were of imperfect engineering . The motor car licenses

fee and federal government aided the building of rural roads. 1923

gas tax the issue of bonds allowed by government for highway use

was an advantage.

Abstract: 09/29/18 by Harrison H, from Wilmington News Journal

Saturday September 12, 1931

For www.delmarhistory.blogspot.com

US ROUTE 9

U.S. ROUTE 9

Instant research of topics under discussion by the 8 am coffee

hour group at the Wescoats Corner & Five Points ARBY'S , located

on the Delaware part of North to South US 9, but marked east and west,

near Lewes Delaware.

The route information on U.S. Route 9 at Wikipedia gives the

length of US 9 at 522.73 miles, the southern terminus being at Laurel

Delaware & US 13, the northern terminus at Champlain, New York, the

upper region of Lake Champlain on the Quebec Canadian boundary line.

The roadway continues on north as NY 971 B and ends in a cul-de-sac.

Much of US 9 is two lane, some exceptions, a northern New Jersey part is a six lane expressway, plus several sections in New York state.

The Delaware section of US 9 is two lanes running east to west

through Sussex county from Laurel , passing through Georgetown, on east to Lewes to the Cape May – Lewes Ferry which takes the highway across the Delaware Bay to New Jersey. It replaces Delaware

28 between Laurel to Georgetown and Delaware 18 between Georgetown and Lewes. Delaware US 9 also carries Delaware US 404 from Five

Points to Georgetown and on to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge.

New Jersey section of US 9 heads north at Cape May,

parallel Garden State Parkway, past Atlantic City, through the Pine

Barrens, Tom River, into Perth Amboy, crosses the Raritan River

at Edison Bridge , past Liberty International Airport, goes over the

Pulaski Skyway leaving New Jersey by the George Washington Bridge

into New York State on Broadway, over Broadway Bridge through the

Bronx , into Westchester where it follows the Old Albany Post Road

that dates from pioneer days, follows the Hudson River, becomes the

Croton Expressway, at Fishkill it turns into a 6 lane highway to

Poughkeepsie, through Hyde Park, back to a two lane highway at Red

Hook, a country road through Columbia county, Rensselaer county

passes over the Dunn Memorial Bridge at Albany, on to Saratoga Springs ,

into the Adirondack's. From here it follows the Lake Champlain to the

cul-de-sac just shy the Canadian border.

Abstract: 09/28/18 by Harrison H. from WIKIPEDIA, for Facebook.

e

KOREAN DIARY

KOREAN DIARY

SATURDAY SEPTEMBER 30 1950

Last week during the , Han River crossing to the south of Seoul an

amphibious vehicle with 31 Marines aboard became trapped in

the vehicle which had slipped into a burning building after it's safe

crossing the river under enemy fire. The 31 men were in danger of

being roasted alive as the paint inside began to peel, or , be killed if

the ammunition and fuel exploded . However, the driver was able to

open the escape hatch so all were able to escape, and bring with them

the ammunition, fuel, and their equipment.

Lt. Arthur House said for a second or two,he thought all were going to be cooked like sausages.

Abstract: 09/27/18 by Harrison H from Wilmington News Journal,

Saturday, September, 30, 1950, “Korean Diary” by Don

Whitehead, for Hal Boyer.

SPECIAL EVENTS UPDATE

SUSSEX SPECIAL EVENT RULES

The Wednesday September 26, 2018 Delaware Coast Press reports Sussex County

Council, in order to keep the party going, have adopted a measure to update

“special events” rules after more then a year, repeat , more than a year, that clarifies

land use, coordination with public safety services, that were scattered in the county

code , and described as difficult to understand.

Talk about an extraordinary excellence in action.

“Difficult to understand” , for a better, easy phrase to understand , not suitable

for print but often used, appears to e a common practice now a days.

The “update' covers almost everything one can imagine that draws tens of

thousand of people, yet, not cover everyone or every organization. Talk about easy

to understand. Another difficult to understand is a limit to the number of permits to

allowed each year.

Remember now, this is a 'government' act telling the site owner, what, when, how long,

among many other stipulations, that 'they'' can DO with their grounds.

To me, this reads the farmers need to obtain a permit to plant grain, vegetables ,

what ever, and has only three days each year to do so.

Difficult to understand, you bet.

JOAN NAGY OCTOBER 1988 APPLE TWIST.

OCTOBER 1988

ABSTRACT OF “FROM ME TO YOU”

BY

JOAN E NAGY

'OCTOBERFEST'

October is a great month, clear, crisp weather , colorful leaves

and points the way to winter, many people have it as their favorite month,

as did Joan Nagy. The colorful roadside markets with pumpkins, apples,

indian corn are inviting.

Fall brings memories of father. Daddy made wine. He made wines

with rose petals, dandelions, honeysuckle and elderberries. Dad was

good at selecting edible wild plants to make various dishes to eat. He

made wild mushroom soup but we all made him eat the first dish out of the

pot. Toadstools did not make good soup.

Here is a favorite recipe for Spicy Apple Twist:

2 large apples, core and pared, sliced into 8 wedges:

1-1/2 cups sifted flour, 1 tsp salt, ½ cup shortin., cold

water , a splash or two, 1/3 cup melted butter, ½ cup sugar, , dusting

of cinnamon, more water. Take apple wedges, set aside, mix everything

that looks mixable, stirring with fork, until dough holds together enough

to flatten, do so to make a ½ inch thick flat floured 16 x 10 inch

rectangle, cut out 16 strips, wrap strips around the apple wedges, place

onto a pan, brush with whatever is left of the mix, splash more water,

bake in 450 degree hot oven for 25 minutes or until golden brown.

Eat warm or cold, plain of with a good flavored whipped cream.

MILTON FOOD SAVER 1986

MILTON FOODSAVER

1986

The Milton Food Saver, what was a short time ago Callaway IGA,

is a full line supermarket offering fresh cut meats, fresh seafood,

farm fresh vegetables and fruits. It is a member of the Rich Foods Co-Op

of Richmond, Virginia. The store is owned by Jerry and Mary Wapole.

Jerry Walpole has been a butcher with Acme Markets for the past 35 years

,

and the whole Walpole family are associated and intend to add a baked

goods section. They will continue to sell self service gas, lotto tickets,

and news papers

The Walpoles employ local employees , a lot of them Cape

Henlopen High School students.

Abstracts: 09/22/18 By Harrison H., from Milton's Chamber of

Commerce “Chamber Clipper,” July 15, 1986

SEAFORD NANTICOKES

SEAFORD, SUSSEX , DELAWARE

AN EARLY NANTICOKE VILLAGE

1921

Evidenceof early Indian habitation at the site where Seaford now stands was

discovered May 1, 1921, by worknen building a new bungalow for S. M. Conaway

family on Arch Street between High and Kings streets.

A human skull, believed to be that of a Nanticoke Indian, perhaps 200 years old , was

found .

Few weeks ago, below Seaford on the Nanticoke River, a logcanoe hewn from a large

loog , was found off Wrights Wharf.

Abstract: 09.23/18 By Harrison H. from Wilmington Morning New, Monday,

May 2, 1921. for Facebook & www.emarhistory.blogsot.com

SHIPWRECK SEVERN

SHIPWRECK SEVERN

1769 – 1775

Rooseevelt Inlet shipwreck archeologist have given a centries old

shipwreck a tentative name. Project leaders, Daniel Griffin and Charles

Fithian have told the Severn is the most likely candidate. The Severn

was one of the 80 foot lone three mast ships bound for Phildelphia from

Bristol, England in 1774. The wreckage was found in Novemeber 2004 when a beach replenishment project dredged up artifacts picked up by Lewes beachcombers.

The Severn was piloted by Captain Hathorn who knew the Delaware

waters well an was duly reported wrecked in Delaware Bay 1774 on it's

way to Philidelphia from Brostol.

Abstract: 09/23/18 by Harrison H. from Delaware State News,

article by Drew Volturo, for Facebook page “Lewes to Ocean City”.

www.delmarhistory.blogspot.com

SOUTH STREET BONFIRE SOCIETY

SOUTH STREET JUVENILE BONFIRE SOCIETY

LEWES, SUSSEX COUNTY, ENGLAND

Otis Smith, the nine term Mayor of Lewes, Sussex County,

Delaware, the owner Fish Products Company at Lewes, is also the

Honorary Vice President of the South Street Juvenile Bonfire Society,

of Lewes, Sussex County, England, which sits 8 miles inland from

the English Channel resort of Brighton.

Three years ago Mr. Smith on a visit to attend a 700^th anniversary

celebration of the “Battle of Lewes” , when the English King, Henry III,

was defeated by Simon de Monfort's rebel cavalry on the 24^th of May,

1264, became acquainted with the “Bonfire Societies”, famous all over

England for the “Guy Fawkes Day”, 5^th of November, 1605, celebratons

to remember the attack with a ton of explosive on the House of Lords.

Abstract: 09/22/18 By Harrison H from Wilmington News Journal ,

Thursday, October 12, 1967

PENINSULA HURRICANES

WHY HURRICANES DON'T MAKE IT TO DELMARVA OFTEN

Early on Hurricane Florence looked a lot like she might make

it to the Delmarva beaches but forcasters anticipations fluttered out while she was still three days out. We have had some mighty close brushes with hurricanes but landfall is uncommon on this part of the east coast.

University of Delaware's College of Earth, Ocean and Environment,

has explained this has to due to the warmer water of the Gulf Stream

out of the Gulf of Mexico and as it approaches the cape of Hatteras area

veers off to follow the continental shelf going northwest . The storms will

folow that warm water.

What we get are the nor'easters , every year, maybe up to twelve

which are as damaging as hurricanes. These are the words of Arthur

Trembanis, a proffessor at UDEOE .

September 2003, Isabel, category 2, hit on North Carolina's Drum

Inlet, funneled winds and waves up the Chesapeake, also Floyd, another

category 2, reduced to a tropical storm, in 1999, brushed the Delmarva

and Jersey coast after landfall on Cape Fear.

In the northern hemisphere a storm carries the bad winds, waves

and great storm surge in its right hand quadrant. The hurricans bring along

lots of moisture that causes devistation even where the winds don't hit.

Camille in 1969, made landfalll on Mississippi coasts, killing 256

residents, many of the deaths of flooding in Virginia. 31 inches of rain

reported in Virginia.

The 2012 Sandy made landfall at Brigantine, New Jersey, but also

caused Cristfield, Maryland first responders proplems with high water

rescuses.

Abstract: 09/19/18 by HARRISON H., from; 09/19/18 Delaware

Coast Press, a Salisbury Daily Times article by Rose Velazquez,

through USA TODAY - Delmmamrva.

To: www.delmarvahistory.blogspot.com & Facebook's page

Lewes To Ocean City.

GHOST PEEPPER

BHUT JOLOKIA

AKA GHOST PEPPER

The Bhut Jolokia, aka ghost pepper, ghost chili, red naga,

naga jolokia, and ghost jolokia is a hybrid chili pepper grown in

the northeast Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland

and Manipur and is a hybrid of Capsicum chinense and Capsicum

frutescens, a close relative of the Bangladesh Naga Morich.

It is certified as the worlds hotest chile pepper, 400 times hotter

than Tabasco sauce.

This pepper has different names in different regions, as climate has

considerable effect on the heat. The Bhut Jolokia produces capsaicin

in vesicles found in the placenta around the seeds and throughout the

the fruit.

Ripe peppers are 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 inches long and 1 or 2 inches

wide and can be red, yellow, orange or chocolate color, and has a very thin

skin. It is a food and a spice, used with pork and dried fish.

In India it is smeared on fences and keeps wild elephants at bay.

Abstract:; 09/18/18 by Harrison H from Wikipedia. A research of a

topic mentioned at the 3 pm coffee hour at Arby's of Wescoats Corner &

Five Points. Facebook & www.iinni.blogspot.com

pumopernockel

PUMPERNICKEL

Instant research of topics under discussion at the 8 am coffee hour

group who meet at the Wescoats Corner/Five Points Arbys.

Pumpernickel is a heavy duty, slightly sweet, rye bread made

with sourdough and coarse ground rye, often made with rye flour and

whole rye berries. It has been known as 'peasants' bread but during the

1920's became popular as a delicatessen product.

Pumpernickel is a Bavarian term for “hard”, and could refer to

grinding the grain into flour, or, the finished bread . As the name

gets thrown around in German, it becomes “ devil's fart”.

Some say Napoleon named it, being too hard for him to eat, fed

it to his horse, Nicole.

German pumpernickel contains no coloring agents relying on the

process reaction to produce it's deep brown color, sweet, dark chocolate

coffee flavor.

In America, today, bakeries use molasses, coffee and cocoa to

make the brown color.

In Germany it is paired with caviar, on the hors d''oeuvres tray.

Abstract: 09/18/18 by Harrison H from Wikipedia

BLUE SKIN PEOPLE OR METHEMOGOPNEMIA

METHEMOGLOPNEMIA

Blue Skin People

The research of topics of discussion of the 8 am coffee group

meeting at the Wescoats Corners & Five Points Arbys.

e

The subject is a condition caused by elevated levels of

methemoglobin in ones blood, which is, hemoglobin that contains a

ferric iron., causing the relationship of oxygen to iron to be impaired,

causing an increase

of oxygen in the 'heof oxygen in the 'heme sites” that are in a “ferrois”

state within the same tetrameric hemogoblin unit. Now, this leads to a

reduced ability of red blood cells to release oxygen to the humans

tissues causing 'tissue hypoxia' to occur.

This will cause a shortness of breath, cyanosis, mental status,

headache, fatigue, dizziness and loss of hair.

Cyanosis is the bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin from a

low oxygen count in the blood system.

Cyanosis derives from Greek “Cyanos”, aka “kuavoc” , the word

for blue.

Due to a deficiency of enzyme diaphorase I, blood instead of red

is brown resulting in caucasian patients skin gaining a bluish hue.

Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from your lungs to the

rest of body tissues. You really need that.

Abstract by Harrison H, 09/17/18 from Wikpedia for Facebook

and www.iinni.blogspot.com

SHERMAN HILL & BIG BOY

SHERMAN HILL SUMMIT

AND

UNION PACIFIC BIG BOY LOCOMOTIVE

Research of topics under discussion at the 8 am coffee hour at

Wescoats Corner & Five Points Arbys.

The 1885 era of the Union Pacific railroad's saw locomotives

struggle to move trains of 3600 tons over the Wasatch mountains between Ogden, Utah and Green River. Wyoming.

These mountains held the 176 miles of track beginning at

Ogden,Utah, sitting at 4300 feet above sea level, climbing the Wasatch

Range, to 7300 feet at Aspen tunnel, then down to Green River,

Wyoming, sitting at 6100 feet above sea level.

On occasion Union Pacific had to combine three or more steam

engines to assist heavily loaded trains over the Wasatch mountains.

Early 1940's when the Union Pacific was enjoying a period of

high earnings and profits, the company under a new president , William

Jefferies, ordered built, an locomotive that could pull 3600 tons over

the Wasatch Range unassisted..

Also on the mines of American manufacturers and transportation

managers was the eventual entering of the United States in World War II

which was already putting additional traffic on the heavily traveled

Ogden - Green River route.

In Omaha, Nebraska's Union Pacific's Department of Research &

Mechanical Standards, Otto Jabelmann, calculated that 135, 000 lb.,

of 'tractive effort' was needed for the engine ordered built for Jefferies to

achieve it's goal. The engine was quickly designed and the American

Locomotive Company agreed to build such a locomotive. These new

engines were given trade numbers of “4000 Class” and were to be named

Wasatch series, however, a worker wrote “Big Boy” on the front of the

first engine as it was being built and that name 'stuck'. Union Pacific

already had the Challenger built in 1936, but Big Boy was larger,

heavier and required Union Pacific to lay heavier rails and realign curves.

With the tender Big Boy was the largest steam locomotive built that could

operate on existing standard gauge railroads.

But wait, an interruption, “tractive effort', what is that? Calls for another research period. So it be.

PAGE TWO

Tractive Effort, or Tractive Force, a mechanical engineering term,

refers to the total traction a vehicle exerts on a surface or the amount

of total traction parallel to the direction of motion. Got that down and

understood ? I bet.

Railroad engineering holds the term 'tracfive effort' is used to

describe the pulling or pushing capability of a locomotive.

The term tractive effort is starting tractive effort, continuous

tractive effort, and maximum tractive effort, and are related to common

mechanical factors , input torque to the driving wheels , the wheel

diameter, coefficient of friction between the driving wheels and the

supporting surface, the weight added, is the factor of adhesion that

determines the maximum torque that can be applied before the onset of wheelspin or wheelslip. Starting tractive effort, is the tractive force

generated at standstill, determines the train weight a locomotive can

set in motion, maximum tractive effort is the highest force under a

condition not injurious. Continuous tractive effort is the tractive force

to be maintained , before the system overheats. “Power at rail” is a

railroad term for the available power for traction or the power available

to propel the train.

We intend to have Warren explain this “tractive effort” thing to us

in more detail so perhaps the following will be some help .

An estimate tractive effort of a steam locomotive can be obtained

from the cylinder pressure, cylinder bore, the stroke and diameter of the

wheel . Torque depends on the driving rod angle made with the tangent

of the radius on the driving wheel. The driving force is torque divided

by wheel radius, thus: d = d2 sp / w X 0.85.

OK Lets get back to Big Boy, a 4- 8-8-4 locomotive, the only one

to be so, the front leading truck, had 36 inch wheels, following were 8

wheels, 68 inches, the drive wheels, driven by a piston to each 4 wheel,

followed by 8 more drive wheels identical to the first. Under the cab was

a 4 wheel trailing truck with 42 inch wheels. Each set of 8 drive wheels

had its own frame and was articulated which allowed Big Boy to handle

20 degree curves. Number 4000, the first Big Boy locomotive delivered , was on track by 5 September 1941.

PAGE 3

All Big Boys were 132 feet, 10 inches long, the engine being 85

feet, 9-1/2 inches long, the tender was 47 feet, 5 inches long. The height

of the locomotive was 16 foot, 2-1/2inches. Locomotive and tender were

a maximum of 11 feet. 6 inches wide. The weight, engine was 772,250

pounds, 436,500 tender for total of 1,208, 750 lbs . Almost 605 tons.

The tender, named 'centipede' because of it's 14 wheels, each one 42

inch tall. The tender could carry 64,000 lb of coal. It also carried 25,000

gallons of water in a rear compartment. Big Boy was designed for a

top speed of 80 mph. Seldom did it ever exceed 50 mph and over the

mountain it was down to 12 mph. At a speed of 41 mph there was 6290

hp at the drawbar. Each drive wheel rotated 202 times a minute. This called

for 12,869 cu ft of steam every minute.

The cab had four seats for a three man crew. An Engineer, fireman, and breakman. In 1944 the class 2 Big Boy cost $319,600.

The Ogden to Green River 76 mile run would take at least four hours,

uphill, a clime of 2500 feet. Under full steam the Big Boy consumed

22,000 lb of coal ans 12,000 gallons of water per hour.

As diesel locomotives became the prime mover, Big Boys soldiered

on and were the last steam engines used in regular service. There had

been 17 Big Boys locomotives total in operation for 20 years.

Sherman Hill Summit is the highest point of the Union Pacific

Railroad's First Transcontinental Railroad at 7247 feet. It had first

been named Lone Tree Pass and Evans Pass. The town of Sherman was

a train stop where engines were changed, had a roundhouse, turntable,

water tank, and section houses. There were maybe 100 residents of

Sherman, a general store, post office, school, two hotels and two saloons.

Abstract: Wikipedia, and William Pearces' Old Machine Press, www,

by Harrison H, September 16, 2018, for

www.iinni,blogspot.com and facebook's

Harrison H page.

Abstract: (if you want to call it that OK) September 15, 2018,

by Harrison H. from Wikpedia to www.iinni.blogspot.com

& Facebook

straws

PLASTIC STRAWS

The Readers Digest Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary , 1987, defines Straws

thus: STRAW, a nonn : stalks of threshed grain for thatching used as bedding for l live stock, and, for weaving or braiding as in hats and or baskets. A single stalk of straw. Also, a

slender tube for sucking liquid. .

.

Now a taboo , the plastic straw is an unrecycled plastic waste and contributes to

the plastic pollution of the world.

From the Internets Wikipedia, we find a history on it's 'Drinking Straw' page.

A drinking straw or tube is a small pipe that allows the user to more conveniently to

consume a liquid. A small 'tube' of paper or plastic, such as polypropylene or

polystyrene, it is used by placing one end in the mouth and the other end in liquid, and

by muscular action of the tongue and cheeks reduces the air pressure in the mouth, whereipon ,

atmospheric pressure forces the liquid through the straw.

History holds that the first straws were used by Sumerians, the ancient people

of Mesoptania, now Iraq and Kuwait, for drinking their beer which had solid byproducts

of fermentation .

The oldest known straw ever found is dated 3000 BC .

Te 1800's saw straws of rye grass in fashion, being cheap and soft, but, they

turned to mush in the liquid. 1888, Marvin Stone, patented a modern drinking straw

made of paper to address the shortcomings of the rye grass straw which left a grassy

flavor in the drink at hand.

He wound paper around a pencil, used a paste to hold it together. Later he used wax

to replace the paste since the paste dissolved in his bourbon.

Abstract: September 21, 2018, by Harrison H. from Wikipedia. In today's

Cape Gazette Denis Forney said in Baerfootin' that on his beach walks he finds no straws mixed in the beach trash.

CITRONELLA

CITRONELLA

MOSQUITOE PLANT

Mosquitoes are a pest and we try to find ways to keep mosquitoes

away. Some folk depend on the citronella plant planted next to or

in your patio. Does it work? Test show it does not repel mosquitoes,

it seems to gather them and they enjoy sitting in or on the plant.

Research teaches us the citronella plant does not produce citronella

oil. Citronella plant, aka pelargonium citrosa , aka geranium, is not

even related to the true citronella. It is a geranium, aka pelargonium,

but sort of smells like citronella and has aromatic chemicals so to speak.

Citronella oil is extracted from lemongrass, aka cymbopgon, a prennial

which grows six feet high and is not frost hardy.

Citronella oil is a registered insect repellant in America but in Europe it

is banned as a repellant.

Even if it did work, it would need to be applied every half an hour.

Eggshells, decomposed three years, are your best bet for mosquito

repellant.

ABSTRACT: September 13, 2018, by Harrison H, from Garden

Myths, Citronella Plant Keeps Mosquitoes Away, by Robert

Pavlis, 18 July 2013.

CAPE HENLOPEN 1905 FISH ODORS & FLIES.

CAPE HENLOPEN 1905

FISH ODORS AND FLIES

UNITED STATES vs LUCE ET AL.

In 1905 in the Dover Delaware District Federal Circuit Court, the

District Judge, Edward C. Bradford, presiding, heard the Lewes

Life Savings Service station keeper, John A. Clampitt, and Dr.

Henry Geddings, Commanding Surgeon of the Marine Hospital and

Quarantine Station at Cape Henlopen testify “ an annoyance from

flies is a very serious one. It is necessary to screen every inlet and outlet

as the flies are so thick the view from those windows is cut off. “

September 26, 1905 , Judge Bradford, ordered that the fish processing

plants use deodorizers, disinfectants, and other methods to reduce

the odors.

Abstract: September 12, 2018, by Harrison H. , from Michael

Morgan's Sussex Journal , Delaware Coast Press, September 12, 2018,

St Paul, MN, 1908 Federal Reporter, February 1871 Vol 3,

Manufacturer & Builder, for

www.delmarhistory.blogspot.com & Facebook page

Lewes To Ocean City .

HURRICANE HAZEL AND OIL LAMPS.

NOVEMBER 13 1965

SUSSEX COUNTY OF CONSTANCE BROWN

Hurricane Hazel and a run on old timers coal-oil lanterns

Sussex Countians were still talking about Hurricane Hazel and the blackout .

There was a run on oil lamps and lanterns , dug out of forgotten store stock and

half forgotten places , to be sure they were still working, “ just in case.”

There had been household ingenuity used during the Hazel blackout, many

meals were cooked in the fireplace and therapeutic value added to those who had

forgotten how life has advanced.

The Hurricane Hazel blackout brought an interesting experience to the household

of Constance Brown. In 1954 when they moved into a house they found a huge

wood and coal stove occupying space in the kitchen and tried to get rid of it which was

not going well, so, the Browns decided not to sell the stove and it still sits , monstrous

and ugly, in te kitchen.. Yes. We use it, burn trash, takes the chill off on a cool morning ,

but primarily as insurance for heating and cooking in emergency.

This abstract, September 11, 2018 by Harrison H, of an article of Constance Brown's

Column in the Saturday,, November 13, 1965 Wilmington Morning News.

1965 Sussex County of Constance Brown Broadkill River.

NOVEMBER 13 1965

SUSSEX COUNTY BY CONSTANCE BROWN

BROADKILL CREEK

For the last few years a lot of dredging has opened old water ways that

time and mankind have filled with junk and silt.

One of these waterways, the Broadkill, from Milton to the Delaware Bay,

the dredging has brought some interesting items out and into the spotlight.

The remains of an old Chesapeake Bay oyster schooner has been

brought up on the banks for people to see. In 1915 this schooner went

to pieces in the river an there are some today residents that remember

her stories. Two more sailing vessels have been found and set on the

rivers edge. Other items found are on display at the Hardware Store of

Lou Darby on Union Street in Milton.

The Broadkill, from Milton to the Delaware Bay is now 40 foot wide

and 11 feet deep.

In the center of town, Milton has had the “Hazzard Slip” dredged to

make a fresh water marina. During the dredging many large “white

cedar” logs, underwater more that 100 years provide evidence of the

ship building at Milton. The mayor, Graham Dill, a local waterman,

quotes a book by Charles T. Conwell, another Milton waterman, saying

238 ships were built in Milton, owing to the fact there was a forest of

the proper lumber for ship building.

Then, there are many stories from old timers , of the abundance of

oysters taken from the Broadkill and Delaware Bay by the sailing vessels

of the port in Milton.

This abstract, September 11, 2018, by Harrison H., from Constance

Brown's column in Saturday November 13 1965 Wilmington Morning

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